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International Journal of Behavioral Development, Vol. 32, No. 2,
131-136 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0165025407087211
© 2008 International Society for the Study of Behavioral Development
Children in Asian cultures say yes to yes—no questions: Common and cultural differences between Vietnamese and Japanese children
Mako Okanda
Kyoto University, Department of Psychology, Kyoto, Japan, mako-okanda{at}l03.mbox.media.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Shoji Itakura
Kyoto University, Department of Psychology, Kyoto, Japan
We investigated whether children's response tendency toward yes—no questions concerning objects is a common phenomenon regardless of languages and cultures. Vietnamese and Japanese 2- to 5-year-old (N = 108) were investigated. We also examined whether familiarity with the questioning issue has any effect on Asian children's yes bias. As the result, Asian children showed a yes bias to yes—no questions. The children's response tendency changes dramatically with their age: Vietnamese and Japanese 2- and 3-year-olds showed a yes bias, but 5-year-olds did not. However, Asian 4-year-olds also showed a yes bias only in the familiar condition. Also, Asian children showed a stronger yes bias in the familiar condition than the unfamiliar condition. These two findings in Asian children were different from the previous finding investigated North American children (Fritzley & Lee, 2003). Moreover, there was a within-Asian cross-cultural difference. Japanese children showed different response tendencies, which were rarely observed in Vietnamese children. Japanese 2-year-olds and some 3-year-olds showed a "no answer" response: they tended not to respond to an interviewer's questions. Japanese 4- and 5-year-olds also showed an "I don't know" response when they were asked about unfamiliar objects. Japanese children tended to avoid a binary decision. We discussed the cross-cultural differences.
Key Words: cross-culture • response tendency • within-Asian cultural differences • yes bias • yes—no questions
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