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International Journal of Behavioral Development, Vol. 32, No. 1,
13-20 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0165025407084047
Independence-supportive praise versus interdependence-promoting praise
Yan Z. Wang
University of New England, USA, yanwang{at}gmail.com, ywang{at}une.edu
Angela R. Wiley
University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, USA
Chi-Yue Chiu
University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, USA
This study used dinnertime observational data to investigate parental praise in Chinese-immigrant and European-American families. Three process models of praise with distinctive communicative content were uncovered. Two models focus on adherence to parental expectations, which promote the development of an interdependent self (interdependence-promoting praise). One focuses on child's self-initiated behaviors and supports the development of an independent self (independence-supportive praise). Consistent with past findings, independence-supportive praise is widely distributed in European-American families. Although interdependence-promoting praise has been overlooked in previous research, it is commonly found in Chinese-immigrant families. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the development of culturally inclusive models of praise.
Key Words: culture • dinner observations • parental praise
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